In the right lower quadrant sits the cecum, appendix, part of the small intestines, the right half of the female reproductive system, and the right ureter. Pain in this region is most commonly associated with appendicitis. The left lower quadrant houses the majority of the small intestine, some of the large intestine, the left half of the female reproductive system, and the left ureter. Pain in this region is generally associated with colitis inflammation of the large intestine as well as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts in females.
The nine divisions of the abdominopelvic region are smaller than the four quadrants, allowing for a more detailed discussion. These divisions are marked by two parasagittal and two transverse planes centered around the navel. Most organs are part of multiple regions, including the gallbladder, duodenum, stomach, kidneys, spleen, small intestine and colon.
The perineum the area beneath the hypogastric region at the bottom of the pelvic cavity is sometimes considered to be a tenth division in this system. The right hypochondriac region contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, the right kidney, and parts of the small intestine.
The left hypochondriac region contains part of the spleen, the left kidney, part of the stomach, the pancreas, and parts of the colon. The epigastric above stomach region contains the majority of the stomach, part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the duodenum, part of the spleen, and the adrenal glands. This region pushes out when the diaphragm contracts during breathing. The right lumbar region consists of the gallbladder, the left kidney, part of the liver, and the ascending colon.
The left lumbar region consists of the descending colon, the left kidney, and part of the spleen. The umbilical region contains the umbilicus navel , and many parts of the small intestine, such as part of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the illeum. It also contains the transverse colon the section between the ascending and descending colons and the bottom portions of both the left and right kidney. The right iliac region contains the appendix, cecum, and the right iliac fossa.
It is also commonly referred to as the right inguinal region. Pain in this area is generally associated with appendicitis. The left illiac region contains part of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the left illiac fossa. It is also commonly called the left inguinal region. The hypogastric region below the stomach contains the organs around the pubic bone.
These include bladder, part of the sigmoid colon, the anus, and many organs of the reproductive system, such as the uterus and ovaries in females and the prostate in males. Thank you for updating your details. Log In. Sign Up. Become a Gold Supporter and see no ads. Log in Sign up. Articles Cases Courses Quiz. About Recent Edits Go ad-free. Edit article. View revision history Report problem with Article. Citation, DOI and article data. Wijayagoonawardana, P. Abdominal surface anatomy.
Reference article, Radiopaedia. Gastrointestinal , Hepatobiliary , Gynaecology , Musculoskeletal. URL of Article. Abdominal surface anatomy can be described when viewed from in front of the abdomen in 2 ways: divided into 9 regions by two vertical and two horizontal imaginary planes divided into 4 quadrants by single vertical and horizontal imaginary planes These regions and quadrants are of clinical importance when examining and describing pathologies related to the abdomen Nine abdominal regions Horizontal planes The dividing planes are based on lines drawn between easily palpable bony points.
Adjacent to the epigastric region are the right and left hypochondriac regions; adjacent to the umbilical region are the right and left lumbar regions. On either side of the hypogastric region are the right and left iliac regions, which can also be referred to as the right and left inguinal regions. The abdomen can also be divided into four quadrants, known as the right upper, the left upper, the right lower, and the left lower quadrants.
Figure 2. The four quadrants of the abdomen include the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, and left lower quadrant. The four quadrants of the abdominal wall are used for general clinical descriptions. The quadrants are defined by the transumbilical and medial planes. The transumbilical or horizontal plane passes through the umbilicus at the L4 level, and the vertical medial plane divides the body into the right and left halves.
Figure 3. The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the medial and transumbilical planes. It is important to know the anatomical regions and quadrants of the abdomen to correlate the pain to the organs contained in each area. For example, pain within the epigastric region should guide you to think about the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and adrenal glands.
Pain in the suprapubic e. Figure 4. The epigastric region of the abdomen contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and adrenal glands. The suprapubic region of the abdomen contains the bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, and uterus. Organization of the abdomen in this manner allows for universal communication among healthcare providers and aids in differential diagnoses. If you want to improve your understanding of key concepts in medicine, and improve your clinical skills, make sure to register for a free trial account , which will give you access to free videos and downloads.
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