Deglycosylation also resulted in an increased sensitivity to thermal denaturation. SEC data for IFN-beta-1b revealed large, soluble aggregates that had reduced antiviral activity approximated at 0. Crystallographic data for IFN-beta-1a revealed that the glycan formed H-bonds with the peptide backbone and shielded an uncharged surface from solvent exposure. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while using this medication. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.
Store interferon beta-1a intramuscular prefilled syringes, vials, and automatic injection pens in the refrigerator. Do not freeze interferon beta-1a, and do not expose the medication to high temperatures. If a refrigerator is not available, you can store the vials of interferon beta-1a intramuscular at room temperature, away from heat and light, for up to 30 days.
After you mix interferon beta-1a powder with sterile water, store it in the refrigerator and use it within 6 hours. If a refrigerator is not available, you can store prefilled syringes and injection pens at room temperature, away from heat and light, for up to 7 days. It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily.
To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location — one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach. Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet.
Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services at Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory.
Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your body's response to interferon beta-1a. Do not let anyone else use your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription over-the-counter medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements.
You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. Interferon Beta-1a Intramuscular Injection pronounced as in ter feer' on. Why is this medication prescribed? How should this medicine be used? Other uses for this medicine What special precautions should I follow?
What special dietary instructions should I follow? What should I do if I forget a dose? What side effects can this medication cause? What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?
Brand names. In the headache group, we found many significant correlations between age, disease, and therapy duration with hemodynamic parameters Table 3. We found that the demographic and clinical features of the MS patients do not have a significant impact on TCD parameters i. No significant correlations were found between disease duration, therapy duration, and haemodynamic parameters.
Recognized side effects include flu-like symptoms, injection site reactions, severe cutaneous reaction, depression, liver injury, hematologic abnormalities, and headache [ 7 ]. Other reported side effects, involving vascular system, include Raynaud Phenomenon RP , livedo reticularis LR , and pulmonary artery hypertension [ 14 , 15 ]. Particularly, Hanaoka et al. Therefore, we hypothesize that some of these cytokines could induce cerebral vasoconstriction directly or through the activation of the thromboxane cascade.
The relatively small sample size of the study groups and the lack of a control group for the effect of time i. However, this work can be considered a pilot study and further efforts combining laboratory cytokines dosage and instrumental methods TCD and Angio-MRI are required to confirm these results. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors. Read the winning articles. Journal overview. Special Issues. Academic Editor: Luca Prosperini. Received 30 May Revised 27 Jul Accepted 14 Aug Published 13 Sep Background Multiple sclerosis MS is a chronic, autoimmune, and predominantly demyelinating disease involving the central nervous system CNS [ 1 ]. Results 3. All subjects Headache No-headache MS patients 20 9 males, 11 females 8 3 males, 5 females 12 6 males, 6 females Age years Table 1.
Table 2. Inter-group differences between healthy volunteers HV and multiple sclerosis MS group at baseline. Table 3. Intra- and intergroup differences at T0-T1 in headache and no-headache multiple sclerosis MS groups. Table 4. Backward linear regression: significant predictors on the TCD parameters. References H.
Lassmann and M. Howard, S. Trevick, and D. Comi, M. Radaelli, and P. Einarson, B. Bereza, and M. Tao, X.
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