Other academies such as those in Berlin and Turin elected him a corresponding member, and in he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy. This belated recognition was welcome but there remains the question of why someone who today is a household name for his important contribution struggled for so long to gain acknowledgement.
This may have no simple explanation but rather be the result of a number of different contributary factors. One factor may have been the inwardness of Ohm's character while another was certainly his mathematical approach to topics which at that time were studied in his country a non-mathematical way. There was undoubtedly also personal disputes with the men in power which did Ohm no good at all. He certainly did not find favour with Johannes Schultz who was an influential figure in the ministry of education in Berlin, and with Georg Friedrich Pohl, a professor of physics in that city.
Electricity was not the only topic on which Ohm undertook research, and not the only topic in which he ended up in controversy. In he stated the fundamental principle of physiological acoustics, concerned with the way in which one hears combination tones. However the assumptions which he made in his mathematical derivation were not totally justified and this resulted in a bitter dispute with the physicist August Seebeck.
He succeeded in discrediting Ohm's hypothesis and Ohm had to acknowledge his error. See [ 10 ] for details of the dispute between Ohm and Seebeck. In Ohm took up a post in Munich as curator of the Bavarian Academy's physical cabinet and began to lecture at the University of Munich. Only in , two years before his death, did Ohm achieve his lifelong ambition of being appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Munich.
References show. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Histoire Sci. Additional Resources show. Honours show. Cross-references show. Unlike most German scientists at the time, Ohm took a mathematical approach in his considerations of electricity and magnetism. He finally found the success he had been longing for throughout much of his life in the s. In he received the prestigious Copley Medal from the Royal Society in England, and the following year was honored with foreign membership by the same association.
Additional memberships in other scientific organizations soon followed. Perhaps most significant to Ohm was his appointment as a professor at the University of Munich in , which finally put to an end his long stream of moves to unsatisfactory teaching positions.
Shortly before his death he was awarded the physics chair at the university, a final marker of the considerable success Ohm had become. Ohm's Galvanic Circuit was greeted with some appreciation but largely with indifference and with some hostility.
He withdrew from the academic world for 6 years. In he became professor of physics at the Polytechnic School in Nuremberg. But the real turning point in his life came when the Royal Society of London awarded him the Copley Medal in Ohm dedicated to the Royal Society the first volume of his Contribution to Molecular Physics, a work in which he planned to elucidate the internal constitution of matter with the same success Isaac Newton had achieved in celestial dynamics.
Apart from the gigantic demands of the plan, Ohm's teaching duties stood in the way of its execution. The paper deduced mathematical relationships based purely on the experimental evidence that Ohm had tabulated. In two important papers in , Ohm gave a mathematical description of conduction in circuits modelled on Fourier's study of heat conduction. These papers continue Ohm's deduction of results from experimental evidence and, particularly in the second, he was able to propose laws which went a long way to explaining results of others working on galvanic electricity.
The second paper certainly is the first step in a comprehensive theory which Ohm was able to give in his famous book published in the following year. What is now known as Ohm's law appeared in this famous book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet in which he gave his complete theory of electricity.
The book begins with the mathematical background necessary for an understanding of the rest of the work.
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